Calcium Signals from the Vacuole

Calcium Signals from the Vacuole

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The vacuole is by far the largest intracellular Ca2+ store in most plant cells.Here, the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of vacuolar Ca2+ release and Ca2+ uptake is summarized, and how different vacuolar Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ pumps may contribute redken shades eq 07m driftwood to Ca2+ signaling in plant cells is discussed.To provide a phylogenetic perspective, the distribution of potential vacuolar Ca2+ transporters is compared for different clades of photosynthetic eukaryotes.There are several candidates for vacuolar Ca2+ channels that could elicit cytosolic [Ca2+] transients.

Typical second messengers, such as InsP3 and cADPR, seem to trigger vacuolar Ca2+ release, but the molecular mechanism of this Ca2+ release still awaits elucidation.Some vacuolar Ca2+ channels have been identified on a molecular level, the voltage-dependent SV/TPC1 channel, and recently two cyclic-nucleotide-gated cation channels.However, their function in Ca2+ signaling still has to be demonstrated.Ca2+ pumps in addition to establishing long-term Ca2+ homeostasis can shape cytosolic [Ca2+] transients by limiting their amplitude and duration, and may spidertattooz.com thus affect Ca2+ signaling.